Short History by Johnathan Riley-Smith free essay sample

The Crusades: A Short History by Johnathan Riley-Smith The Crusades: A Short History, written by British Historian Jonathan Riley-Smith, offers a broad overview of this part of the medieval era, but he also explores how historians have attempted to explain these events in modern terms. Riley-Smith also makes sure to note all major contributors to the Crusade movement and their personalities. Numerous scholars have wondered whether this was a political or religious mission. This helps to spark the question of why people would leave their homes and their families to risk their lives invading a land that was thousands of miles away for religious reasons. In his book, Riley-Smith makes this era come alive for the modern reader. He does a very good job of leaving it up to the reader to decide and interpret the material how they wish. He seems to have no bias. Johnathan Riley-Smith begins with the birth of the crusading movement and the ideas that led to the actual crusades. We will write a custom essay sample on Short History by Johnathan Riley-Smith or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The background information about the beliefs of these societies and foundations of their pasts help the reader to understand why they believed the way that they did. He proceeds chronologically through ten chapters to the Old Age and Death of the Crusading Movement, which occurred between 1523 and 1798. Riley-Smith shows how the violence of the Crusades was justified according to the beliefs of that era. The people of that era compared this military action in terms of the intentions involved. Almost, in a manner comparable to that of a surgeon who causes pain to a patient in order to save a life. But, also, he shows how the crusaders understood the topic of authority and politics. This involved viewing the Holy Land as an earthly extension to Christs universal empire, which meant that, to them, the Holy Land was Christs royal domain or patrimony. Many scholars now tend to interpret the Crusades with modern ideology, concentrating on factors that relate to establishment, economics, politics, colonization, etc. Riley-Smith explains the viewpoint of the massive majority of crusaders, showing that it was religious fervor and absolute devotion to the Roman Catholic Church, which was largely connected and entangled with their past history and then became their bias that provided the motivation that caused the Crusades. Therefore, he shows how the conflicting nature of the Crusades came about. For example, invading and killing a lands people in the name of Jesus Christ, the Prin ce of Peace. The first chapter offers necessary background information to understanding the roots of the crusade movement. Riley-Smith sets the stage for the account of the First Crusade, which is the topic for the second chapter, beginning with the call of Pope Urban II to retake Jerusalem along with a bit of political backing. The third chapter describes the office of the patriarch that existed in both Jerusalem and Antioch. Chapter four discusses the settlement, control and defense of the Latin East that existed between 1097 and 1187. Chapter five talks about the early crusades of the twelfth century and the Second Crusade. Chapter six contains the Third, Fourth and Fifth Crusades, which occurred between 1187 and 1229. Chapter seven covers the years 1229 through roughly 1291. Chapter eight describes the Latin East briefly, and chapter nine also offers an overview, which discusses the diversity of the crusades that occurred between 1291 and 1523. The book ends with chapter ten, which discusses the crusading movement in its old age, which includes the topics of the Reformation, the military orders, and the Hospitallers of St. John and Malta. The Conclusion describes how the Crusades have been understood in different historical eras. In addition to these topics, Riley-Smith also offers descriptions of the several other Christian military operations, which were instigated against the pagan peoples who lived in northern Europe, as well as against the â€Å"heretics† living in the south of France and the Muslims living in Spain. I actually enjoyed this depiction of the Crusades. Even though I first had to make sure that I had a dictionary handy when I read it, I thought that Riley-Smith made it very easy to understand. He sentences flowed very well and I liked the fact that he left everything chronologically in order and didn’t go back and forth multiple times. The chapters were well titled for any reader to understand what was in the material. I also enjoyed the fact that they weren’t incredibly long and repetitive. I think that this book taught me way more about the Crusades than I ever knew before. I had no idea that it was all mainly started for religious reasons. The pasts of one group of people who had never even been to Jerusalem or even seen it, helped to build the foundation of the entire movement. It just is astonishing to me that all of those years of fighting was being justified by Jesus Christ. I don’t think that fighting for something you believe in is wrong, I just didn’t really know how the Crusades were started. I thought that Johnathan Riley-Smith seemed to show no bias towards any certain points of view when it came to this book. I thought that would be very difficult once I started reading and saw that it was about Christianity, one of the biggest religions in the world. Everyone is bias when it comes to religion so for him to go through the whole book and history of the Crusades without sounding â€Å"preachy† I thought was an accomplishment in itself. I questioned multiple parts of this book though just because I know that even though it started for â€Å"religious gain† I still think that it did in the end become more of a fight for control of land and power. I think that Riley-Smith is very honest but it this book is still so broad that it leaves a lot for the reader to decipher and decide what really happened. In all the research that I did though in to the history of the crusades and Riley-Smith himself, I do think that he gives the most honest representation of the crusades that I have ever seen to date. Like I said, up until now all the books I have read or movies I have seen, I never knew that the crusades was founded on the ideas of Christianity. There are parts that I would like to even go back and read again. I think that he does a fantastic job to keep the history interesting as well as making it easy to read. Johnathan Riley-Smith, I think, is a very knowledgeable historian who would be a very good source for information on this subject. I think that his book worth even using in a class for some sort of project or even a text book. He doesn’t make it incredibly dry, boring, and you want to go to sleep in ten minutes like our text book does to me sometimes. I would recommend this book for anyone who would have to ever do a paper or any type of school work on the crusades. I enjoyed this book very much.

Death Penalty misc0 essays

Death Penalty misc0 essays The United states is the only western democracy that still practices capital punishment. There have been over 4050 executions since 1930. In 1994 alone, there were 257 executions in the United States. People who believe in capital punishment say that this dehumanizing process deters crime. This is false because the death penalty has been proven NOT to deter crime. In fact, during the 1980s, states practicing the death penalty averaged an annual rate of 7.5 criminal homicides per 100,000, while abolition states averaged a rate of 7.4 per 100,000. That means murder was actually MORE common in states that use the death penalty. Criminals irrationally perform crimes, therefore, life imprisonment ought to deter a rational person itself. Besides, no criminal commits a crime if he believes he will be caught. The death penalty is morally incorrect. Why do governments kill people to show other people that killing is wrong? Would society allow rape as the penalty for rape or the burning of arsonists homes as the penalty for arson. Every time we execute someone, we sink to the same level as the common killer. What is the difference between the state killing and an individual killing? The end result is the same....one more dead body, one more set of grieving parents, and one more cemetery slot. Every time we execute someone, we are desensitizing the value of human life. The death penalty is not now, nor has it ever been a more economical alternative to life imprisonment. A study by the New York State Defenders Association showed that the cost of a capital trial ALONE is more than double the cost of life imprisonment. They also concluded that a death penalty case costs approximately 42 percent more than a case resulting in a non-death sentence. Since 1976 the United States has spent 700 Another reason to get rid of the death penalty is the possibility of error. ...

Analysis of Codes of Fashion and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Analysis of Codes of Fashion and Culture - Essay Example The essay "Analysis of Codes of Fashion and Culture" concerns the Alan Pietersen and fashion. Alan Pietersen has a small family – a mother, a father, an elder sister and a younger brother. He is still searching for his ideal soul mate. For him, wife would be someone who can stand up with him in adversarial times and be his confidant. She will be the one who would be the epitome of love and commitment. Alan believes that within the next 3 years he will be a married man. Because of this, he has started saving for the future to make sure that he can raise a family afterwards. Alan knows what he is doing. The only hurdle in his path is the busy work routine that he has to bear almost on a daily basis. Otherwise his search for future wife continues unabated. He is considered as a very fashionable person in his circle. His choice of clothes is extravagant since he belongs to an affluent family. He opines that clothes make a man and thus he sticks to this principle no matter how diff icult it is for him to choose clothes on a daily basis. Alan perceives that it is not always branded clothes that give satisfaction. In fact at times clothes worn can also be from unbranded and generic makers yet the quality is such that it becomes wearable. One must understand that Alan’s tastes are highly developed and he gives priority to fabric and the overall quality as well as the look that comes with it. In this department, he is never left behind and feels pride in it. Alan is also actively involved within sports. He likes to pull on his best tracks and tee shirt to enjoy a 5 kilometer walk. He believes in being fit at all times. Laziness is something that is unknown to him. At times, he goes out on the shore for horse riding. This gives him immense satisfaction as the sea shore makes him feel out of this world. Alan enjoys chatting with friends and general people who are present on the sea line. He often does horse racing which is a unique aspect in its own right. Ye t Alan’s hobbies are much interesting and one cannot deny the same fact without a doubt. He also watches extreme sports on television and once went to Italy to be a part of the Formula 1 grand prix. As far as his party nature is concerned, Alan Pietersen is always going out with friends and colleagues from work. He goes out to watch movies with his family and friends on every weekend. He enjoys romantic movies when he is with his friends yet wishes to see action and comedies when he is with his family members. Also he likes to sing along with friends and often holds a karaoke session at his home. Many of his friends pour in and then they enjoy a party time. He is known to arrange parties and get involved with all of his friends, near or far. He wants each one of them to enjoy with him and for this reason, he is always eager and willing to throw a party. Alan Pietersen believes in holidays and sightseeing around the globe. In other words, he is a globe-trotter. He once went to the Caribbean islands just to watch the sunsets. He loves sunsets and believes he is a romantic at heart. The yellow twilight amazes him endlessly. This is the reason why he adores the sea and just cannot live without it on any given day. Alan finds time out from his busy schedule to book a vacation – an act which is appreciated given his tough timelines and meetings set with the clients (Huszczo 2010). He

Contribution toward ENG 105 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Contribution toward ENG 105 - Essay Example Like for many students, expressing ideas through writing seems enjoyable to me and it is therefore important to establish the different writing accomplishments throughout the semester. Beginning my college experience this semester, I felt that I had performed at a slightly lower level pertaining the reading and writing proficiency. The justification for this rating can be based upon my first assignment on the response to the â€Å"front and back matter† of RGRW and Real Boys which required students to have a definite introduction, conclusion, thesis, and of course, transitions, quotations and organization. My references were incomplete, they did not follow an alphabetical order and the paper did not only lack in text citations, but also the works cited page in the reference section. I used a rather simple business writing style in writing up the assignment, a style that I had been using to write for the past couple of years. In addition, the paragraph transitions were to a large extent non-existent and prolixity was such a big problem. All through the college experience, taking the Basic English and literature classes have enabled me to address the issue of competency. For instance, the English 105 class has enabled me to learn on the various essentialities of both the spoken and written language. From the class, I have been able to gain knowledge on how to cite references and use proper works cited pages. Besides, I have also learnt the different writing formats such as the MLA, Harvard and APA for typing papers. The argument-based English class that I took equally enabled me to realize that every paper needs to have a flow and transition with specific points to highlight and echo on. In my second assignment, the instructor gave us a paper that was based on the observations made on the different aspects in the campus. This assignment enabled me to gain the ability to make a

Human Systems Coordination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Systems Coordination - Essay Example The spinal cord and brain are the central part of the nervous system, and they work receiving and interpreting the signals that the peripheral system sends to them, via the nervous cell called neuron. The following are some of the attributes of each of them: The spinal cord is a thin tubular collection of nerves protected by the vertebral column, and it runs as an extension of the CNS from the medulla oblongata in the brain to the fibrous extension known as the filum terminale, prolonged downward from the apex of the conus medullaris (Fillum terminale, online web 2006). It consists of thirty-one pair of nerves covered by three connective tissues called the meninges. It carries information via electric impulses from the arms, legs and the rest of the body, as well as from the brain to the body (Definition of spinal cord, online web; Spinal cord, from wikipedia). It contains one hundred billion nerve cells, it is considered the most complex organ of the body and it is the centerpiece of the CNS. It is organized in three interconnected layers: the central core, limbic system and the cerebral cortex. Basic life processes such as breathing, pulse, arousal, movement, balance, sleep, and the early stage of processing sensory information are fine-tune through the central core. The limbic system regulates body temperature, blood pressure and blood sugar level, as well as motivated behaviors, emotional states (as anger) and memory processes related with emotional feelings. The cerebral cortex determines intelligence, personality, touch sensation, assists in motor function, initiation of voluntary movement, auditory and visual information, comprehension of spoken language, and cognitive activities, as well as emotional function (Cardoso, 1997; Phillips, 2006; The human brain, online web 2001). Neuron According to their functions, neurons can be classified in three groups: sensory neuron, motor neuron and interneuron. Sensory neurons are the ones that receive information from the outside (e.g. Light), motor neurons pass on messages to the muscles, and the interneuron which receives and sends the messages from and to other neurons (Palmer, 2003). The parts of a neuron are the soma, dendrites and axons. The soma contains mitochondria and all the necessary elements for the cell to survive. The dendrites receive the information from other neurons or stimulus as heat, and the axons are the ones that send these signals away from the soma. The axons can be very long, and they are insulated with a membrane of myelin sheath along them. This semi-permeable membrane selectively limits the passage of charged particles, and when the cell is excited an explosive way of depolarizing current moves along the axon and out into the pre-synaptic terminals. If myelin sheath is stripped off, a process of demyelization occurs and multiple sclerosis can be present (Axon, online web 2001; Palmer, 2003). Neurons send messages electrochemically, and if the stimulus is strong enough and the myelin sheath is active along the axon, a rapid and quick change in electrical activity passes along to other neurons, muscles or other body organs, creating a nerve impulse (see illustration 1) (Nerve impulse, 2007). However, many

Similarities between Greek and Roman Art

Similarities between Greek and Roman Art The Greek and Roman are country are located in the Mediterranean. Rome assimilated into the Greek way of life but besides this, there were still existed major differences between ancient Rome and ancient Greek especially the Athens. The history of the ancient Romans and ancient Greek can be compared and contrasted using the economic, social and political aspects of the two countries. In the colonial era, the Greeks and Romans affected and influenced each other. The two nations mostly interacted through trade at the black sea and Mediterranean regions. The trade also thrived due to security from Roman military. As time eloped and civilization perpetuated, the Romans adopted beliefs and practices of the Greeks (Guttman, 2012). There exist differences and similarities in the ancient Rome and ancient Greek economy. Athens developed through sea trade, whereas Rome grew by conquest. Initially, Greeks practiced fishing and trading (Gill). Both countries practiced agriculture. Both countries grew wheat but the Greece failed due to bad farming techniques which led to poor wheat productivity hence they adopted mass production of olive oil (Gill). Olive oil and grapes was the major export by Greek while romans common trade items were bronze and pottery .Both Greeks and Romans used labor from slaves, both also practiced mining. Initially, the romans derived their labor from slaves whom they acquired in the war but later on the Greeks adopted the practice (Guttman, 2012). Both romans and Greek practiced art though Greek art was deliberated to be superior to that of Roman Art. Roman art was to decorate using realistic portraits while Greek art was to produce ideal artistic forms. Greece was associated with art better known as Venus de Milo while the romance practiced fresci the mosaic or wall painting art. Robertson, 1969). The Romans had concrete to build bigger better buildings unlike the Greeks. Roman architecture was characterized by arches and domes which Greeks didnt use. The Roman and Greek temples were almost identical but the Roman, incorporated few details like domes and vaults to make them more aesthetic(Robertson, 1969). Both countries had social classes created by wealth differences. Social classes of the Greek were slaves, freedmen, Metics, citizens and women while those of Rome were slaves, freedmen, plebeians and patricians (Guttman, 2012). Roman women were considered citizen contrary to the Greece. The Greek believed women were gossipers could not own property, should be secluded and accompanied in public and their main responsibility was to perform household chores, get married and bear children unlike in Rome where women were valued for devotion, humility, peace, loyalty in marriage, had freedom of movement and could own property(Guttman, 2012).in the Greek family, oiko ,sons could challenge their fathers ability to run the family while in the Rome pater families, sons were subjected to their father. In both the Roman and Greek cultures, bisexuality was common. However, the Greeks especially the wealthy had moral tolerance of homosexuality (Gill). Both countries have different terrain though located in the Mediterranean region. All Greek cities neared water bodies while Rome was an inland country on the banks of River Tiber. Based on geographical positioning, Rome had immigrants and invaders which the Greek did not as most Greek cities were separated hilly country sides (Gill). Both Greek and Roman residents practiced polytheist religion. The Greeks focused on life on earth and believed man would be judged on earth and his deeds both good and bad would follow him into afterlife while the romans believed that ones actions if proper and many would make one god in heaven. The Romans gods and goddesses were not characterized by action therefore not gender specific unlike the Greeks deities (Morford Lenardon, 1999). Originally Greeks were ruled by king just like Rome but later on by oligarchy, monarchies, tyrannies, and democratic government whereas in Rome kings were followed by a Republican government comprising of loyal blood senate and an assembly and later on emperors(Guttman, 2012). With both governments, officials were elected to represent the people and citizens toke part decision-making but in the Greek democratic government, the citizens had littoral sovereignty while with the Roman Republican government the people had ultimate sovereignty. The Greek was ruled by Athens between 500-300 BCE marked Greeces Golden Age, whereas Romes golden age existed in the last century of the Republic and the first century or two of the Empire (Gill). Summarily, the ancient Greece and romans interacted through trade which was made convenient by their proximity to one another. The romans adopted Greece way of life. Nevertheless, the two nations practiced agriculture and mining, practiced polytheism and did art and architecture. Greeks were governed through democracy while the romans were republicans. The Greek art was superior to roman art though their architecture lacked arches and domes present in the roman architecture.in addition, women in Rome had right to own property and were citizens unlike Greece women who had limitations on movement and were not considered citizens.

Alternate Energy Sources :: essays research papers

Alternate Energy Resources As most people know our energy supply is slowly running out. We are using energy sources that either pollute the air, take up natural resources or cause damage to other forms of life. Today, we are working on other forms of energy that do not pollute or cause harm to the environment. Here are some: Magnetohydrobynamic Power   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Magnetohydrobynamic power is where created by plasma. One way is for gases are heated to really high temperature to where the form plasma. They are held together by strong magnets. This creates the energy. The energy is then cooled to a gas and used to turn a turbine (The hot plasma would melt the turbine if it tired to turn it.) This is already done is coal combustion research facilities. The second way is for the plasma molecules to be heated up around temperatures of 5,000,000 C%. The kinetic energy is then extracted by passing through a magnetic field. This produces a strong voltage. The only disadvantages to this power source is the lack of knowledge we have for it. Hopefully, within time, we will learn about this new energy source so we can use it to power the future. Fusion Power   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fusion Power is probably the biggest known Alternate Energy Resource. Fusion is the joining of the nuclei of two atoms to form the nucleus of a heavier element. It occurs mostly with hydrogen and other light elements. Fusion reactions, also called thermonuclear reactions, release a great deal of energy. Scientists are still conducting experiments on ways of harnessing Fusion so we can use it as an energy source. Microwave Power   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  25% of the energy we use today is used to for indoor lighting. Microwave power is the art of taking light from the sun and using it to light out indoor areas. It can only be used to light up lights though. This currently be done at Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and is used by several industrial companies. The Berkeley Lab researchers say that a single kiosk could be used to replace 30 conventional ceiling fixtures in an open spaced room and still light the room at the same brightness. If this becomes an energy source that we can depend on, you may see it light all of the lights in the world. The downside to this is that scientists due say that if we used this energy source for 1 billion years, to light up the entire world, we would take off 1 year of the sun’s life.

Fast Food Restaurants and Healthy Choices FD Essay

When choosing what kind of food establishment you want to go to, it is always a good idea to know the nutritional information for the food you want to eat. By knowing this information, you will be able to make a better decision towards choosing an establishment that serves healthier food keeping you in better shape. McDonald’s Calories McDonalds’ food tends to have higher calories than foods that you would find at an establishment such as Subway. The Big Mac burger from McDonalds’ for instance has 550 calories (http://www. mcdonalds. com/us/en/food/product_nutrition. sandwiches. 255. Big- Mac.html) and that is just the burger itself; that is not including any French Fries that come standard with the meal. The Premium McWrap Chicken & Bacon (Crispy) has a whopping 620 calories (http://www. mcdonalds. com/us/en/food/product_nutrition. chicken. 1063. Premium- McWrap-Chicken-Bacon-Crispy. html) and once again, this is not including any sides that you might want to get with your meal. Of their â€Å"Burgers and Sandwiches,† only 15 of 37 menu items have less than 400 calories and that is not including any sides. It is also noteworthy that many of their items also have high sodium content (http://www. mcdonalds. com/us/en/full_menu_explorer. html). Fast Food Restaurants and Healthy Choices 3 Subway’s Calories Subway’s food tends to have lower calories than that of McDonalds. The 6† BLT only has 320 calories (http://www. subway. com/nutrition/nutritionlist. aspx). A 6† Cold Cut Combo only has 360 calories (http://www. subway. com/nutrition/nutritionlist. aspx). Their highest calorie count sandwich, the Chicken & Bacon Ranch Melt (includes cheese), only has 570 calories (http://www. subway. com/nutrition/nutritionlist. aspx). Out of the 29 sandwiches listed in their nutritional information, 18 have less than 400 calories. That is 62% of the meals compared to 40% of McDonalds’ meals. It does have to be mentioned that not all of McDonalds’ meals were looked at due to trying to keep the total number of meals looked at close to the same. When you look at Subway, they also have 9 sandwiches of the 29 that are below 300 calories. Like McDonalds though, none of these items include any sides you might order with your sandwich. One should also pay attention to the items that make up their meal, such as meat, bread, greens, etc. Ingredients in Food Another key item that you want to look at when choosing your food is what makes the food. We are not talking specific ingredients such as this chemical and this dye; more we are speaking bread, meat, and other items like those. McDonalds’ Ingredients When you get food from McDonalds’, the ingredients that you get are frozen burger patties, frozen fries, and frozen chicken nuggets. You are not getting fresh food that has not been frozen. It is noteworthy however that their beef patties are not cooked until they arrive at the restaurant from which they are to be served (http://www. mcdonalds. com/us/en/food/food_quality/see_what_we_are_made_of/your_question Fast Food Restaurants and Healthy Choices 4 s_answered/meats. html). McDonalds’ also does not cook their food at the time of delivery, one look behind the counter and you can see that they store cooked food in bins until the food is put on a bun. French fries are also left under heat lamps until they are packed into the containers that hold them and put with your meal. The same practice goes with chicken nuggets. While this may not have a lot to do with your food being healthy, it does have to do with your food being fresh. Who doesn’t want their food cooked for them when they order and not sitting under heat lamps for who knows how long before you get the food? Subway’s Ingredients When it comes to the ingredients at Subway, everything is right there in your face. The deli sliced meat is sitting in refrigerated bins waiting to go on your sandwich. The bread is fresh made, which you can see behind the counter, and in ovens until your sandwich is made. Any ingredients such as chicken that might go onto your sandwich is stored in a refrigerated container until it is cooked and immediately put on your sandwich. No hot ingredients, except for the bread rolls, are cooked until you order the food. All produce that might go onto your sandwich is also stored in metal refrigerated containers until you order your sandwich. Like McDonalds, this may not necessarily mean healthier food, but it does give you the ability to see what exactly is going on the sandwich that you order. Seeing the quality of what you are eating before it is put on your meal helps lend a little credibility to the good itself. Choices of Food Items When it comes to your food, it is important that you are able to make your meal healthier if you would like to. Replacing certain ingredients can be a good way to make your food healthier for you. McDonalds’ doesn’t have a lot of options to make your food healthier whereas Subway does. Even reducing 100 calories for a meal is good towards a healthier lifestyle. Fast Food Restaurants and Healthy Choices 5 McDonalds’ Choices When you go to McDonalds, you do not have a lot of options when it comes to making your food healthier. While you can order apple slices to replace your French fries, you cannot change the bun that your food comes on to make it healthier. You cannot just go to McDonalds and have spinach put on your burger to replace the iceberg lettuce that comes stock on your burger. Subways’ Choices When you order food from Subway, there are quite a few ways to make your meal healthier. First off, you can have spinach put on your sandwich instead of the iceberg lettuce that would normally be on your sandwich. You can also choose healthier rolls for your sandwich, such as wheat or whole grain. You can also choose healthy fruits and vegetables to go on your sandwich such as tomatoes, bell peppers, pickles, onions, and many others. This gives you the option of making your meal extremely healthy. If you really want to, you can even have a sandwich that is completely fruits and vegetables on a healthy role, making you an extremely healthy meal. You can easily avoid any sauces such as sweet onion sauce or teriyaki sauce to avoid those extra calories. Conclusion In today’s society, fast food restaurants are becoming more popular; and sadly obesity is also becoming much more prevalent. People are in such a rush that fast food is a great option for them because they don’t have a lot of time. What most people need to recognize is that there are healthier options when it comes to fast food, such as Subway over McDonalds. All you have to do is look at http://www. subway. com/Menu/MealBuilder/MealBuilder. aspx to see it right in your face. Fast food does not have to be the unhealthy choice that it has become, there are options out Fast Food Restaurants and Healthy Choices 6 there and all you have to do is look for them. References Retrieved from http://www. mcdonalds. com/us/en/home. html Retrieved from http://www. subway. com/subwayroot/default. aspx Fast Food Restaurants and Healthy Choices 7.

Advantages Disadvantages of International Trade Research Paper Example

Advantages Disadvantages of International Trade Research Paper Example Advantages Disadvantages of International Trade Paper Advantages Disadvantages of International Trade Paper ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE International trade allows countries to exchange good and services with the use of money as a medium of exchange. Several advantages can be identified with reference to international trade. However international trade does have its limitations as well. Discussed below are both advantages and disadvantages of international trade. Advantages Greater variety of goods available for consumption – international trade brings in different varieties of a particular product from different destinations. This gives consumers a wider array of choices which will not only improve their quality of life but as a whole it will help the country grow. Efficient allocation and better utilization of resources since countries tend to produce goods in which they have a comparative advantage. When countries produce through comparative advantage, wasteful duplication of resources is prevented. It helps save the environment from harmful gases being leaked into the atmosphere and also provides countries with a better marketing power. Promotes efficiency in production as countries will try to adopt better methods of production to keep costs down in order to remain competitive. Countries that can produce a product at the lowest possible cost will be able to gain a larger share in the market. Therefore an incentive to produce efficiently arises. This will help standards of the product to increase and consumers will have a good quality product to consume. More employment could be generated as the market for the countries’ goods widens through trade. International trade helps generate more employment through the establishment of newer industries to cater to the demands of various countries. This will help countries bring down their unemployment rates. Disadvantages It could lead to a more rapid depletion of exhaustible natural resources. As countries begin to up their production levels, natural resources tend to get depleted. This is not a favourable factor as it affects many living cycles. Therefore it is important that alternate energy resources are developed. A country could become heavily dependent on other countries – relying on a particular country for a product has its hazards. If that particular country undergoes a natural disaster, the country that is dependent will face severe difficulties. Domestic industries are exposed to foreign competition and dumping of cheap foreign products and this may cause unemployment if these industries are unable to compete with cheaper imports. When multinationals located themselves in developing countries, the incumbent firms face a tall order of having to compete with giants in the industry. Multinationals can produce at a lower average cost as they enjoy economies of scale, however the smaller incumbent firms do not possess this advantage. They may be forced to shut down leading to a loss of jobs. APIIT Sri Lanka, Business School, Business Economics, Subject Notes http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/International_trade

A Beginners Guide to Logo Styles

A Beginners Guide to Logo Styles When creating a logo, there are many different visual options to consider- color, typeface, and imagery to name a few. One of the first decisions you need to make when starting the logo design process is what type of logo mark is best for your project.There are several different types of logos, and each kind has a distinct feel which can influence how your brand is perceived and how effective your logo is. While all logos are essentially combinations of type and images, there are various reasons why you might choose one type of logo over another, as each type has its own strengths and weaknesses in regards to appearance and practical use. Heres a brief overview of the different types of logos and the pros and cons of each one.Wordmark and logotypeOne of the most frequently used types of logos is the wordmark. Sometimes referred to as a logotype, a wordmark simply uses the full name of the company by using typography alone. Some well-known examples of wordmarks include Google, Disney, Subway, and Kelloggs.Heres a sample wordmark logo. Often this typography is stylized or typeset in such a way to create a unique, visually-interesting logo.To ensure that your wordmark is distinct and represents your companys essence, its best to use custom details in the typography, rather than merely using a font with its default settings, to type out your name. Some companies have custom fonts created to differentiate their wordmarks; others use the signature of their founder. Think about how the letterforms interact with each other, and consider using color or type weight to emphasize parts of the mark, like in the example above. Because logotypes rely on type alone to convey your message, its imperative that the logo is typeset well and that all letterforms feel properly kerned, easy-to-read, and balanced.Wordmarks can be a great choice for a new company thats starting out because the entire name of the company is being immediately presented in the logo. This can help you to s tart to build some brand recognizability quickly. However, if your company has a name longer than two or three words, it might be best to consider other options- the longer the wordmark, the more cluttered and overwhelming the logo will be, and the harder it will be to use in applications where space is limited. The examples I mentioned earlier are all just one word, which is one reason why they make good logotypes. Because of their simplicity and cleanness, logotypes are usually easy to replicate and make a terrific choice for companies who will be using the logo across a wide variety of applications.Lettermarks and monogramsLettermarks or monogram logos are built from a companys initials. They are similar to wordmarks in that they use only typography. Think IBM, NASA, CNN, and ESPN.Heres a sample lettermark logo. Lettermarks are especially useful when a company has a long name, and they can help people have an easier time remembering and pronouncing complicated names.Because lette rmarks have fewer pieces than wordmarks, you may find that you have more creative freedom to explore different type treatments. Lettermarks also take up much less space than wordmarks, so in many cases theyll be easier to use across applications. An acronym logo with several letters can feel corporate and official, so keep this in mind if youre considering using a lettermark. If your acronym only has one or two letters, try abstracting the letters to make new shapes or consider how the letters can interact to make a visually interesting composition.Sometimes it may be necessary to employ aspects of both wordmarks and lettermarks to create a logo better suited for your company. For example, if you are a new organization or not well-known, it may be best to write out what the initials of your company stand for underneath your lettermark to help people learn what it is you do, like in the example above. Or, you might find that you can abbreviate the name of your company in the logo wit hout reducing the name to initials only- FedEx (Federal Express) and The Met (the Metropolitan Museum of Art) are two examples where the logo is shortened to create a quicker read and an easier pronunciation.Pictorial or symbolic logoThe next type of mark is a pictorial logo, which consists only of a graphic symbol or icon. Some of the most recognizable brands use this type of logo- Apple, Target, Microsoft, and Snapchat are some examples. The icon you use can either be literal- Targets logo is an actual target- or more conceptual, like the Nike swoosh. One advantage to using a symbol on its own is youre able to communicate something immediate about your company using visual language alone, making pictorial logos ideal for global brands which exist in different cultures with different languages.Heres a sample pictorial logo. Because it represents your company without the use of words, a pictorial logo has to be simple, distinct, and memorable.Pictorial logos can be a challenge for n ewer or smaller companies to use simply because they require much previously established brand equity. Even though a pictorial logo on its own can create a bit of intrigue and mystery, its ultimately not practical enough to use for every application. Large, influential corporations can generally get away with using a symbol on its own as a logo because people frequently see and interact with these brands. However, many big companies didnt make the switch to pictorial logos until they were more established. For example, Apples iconic logo was frequently seen along with the companys name during its early years until the brand became recognizable enough without the type. Another example of this is Starbucks, which has recently dropped their name from their emblem logo and now uses the Mermaid illustration on its own after developing into a globally recognized company. Companies like these have grown to the point where they simply dont need to include their names anymore, which makes lo go replication simpler and easier.Combination markOne of the most common types of logos is the combination mark, which is simply a logo that uses both typography and a pictorial mark. Well-known combination marks include Dominos, Verizon, Amazon, and Adidas.Heres a sample combination mark logo. Because they employ both text and imagery, combination marks allow much creative freedom and design choices, making them a versatile choice for just about any type of business.Combination marks are ideal choices for new companies because including text along with imagery is an effective way to help the public start to recognize your brand immediately. They are generally easier to trademark because of their distinctness, and they have a degree of flexibility and adaptability which allows them to be broken into their respective pieces in certain applications. For example, the pictorial part of the mark can be used on its own for favicons, app icons, and even merchandise.There are a few challeng es with combination marks that are important to consider as you design. Because of the number of elements in these logos, its easy for combination marks to quickly become too cluttered or disjointed, so make sure you avoid using too many fine details. The type and icon should work together- ensure that together these elements feel balanced and harmonious. Depending on the layout of the type and icon, you might end up with a logo thats difficult to use in different applications, so you may want to consider creating horizontal and vertical versions of the mark.EmblemsOne of the most traditional choices when it comes to logos, emblems have been used throughout the history of branding to contain type and imagery in a holding shape. Usually resembling badges or crests, emblems have an official, academic feel about them which makes them popular with schools and government agencies, and car companies tend to use emblems for their compact nature. Some well-known emblem logos include Starbuc ks, UPS, the NFL, and Ford.Lastly, heres a sample emblem logo. Because of their classic, vintage feel, emblem logos have made a bit of a comeback in trendier industries like coffee companies, breweries, and sports teams, but an emblem can look sleek and modern as well.The biggest challenge when it comes to emblems is limiting the level of elements inside and around the mark. If illustrations are included, then make sure theyre simple enough to be easily reproduced with any printer and recognizable at any size. Keep extra strokes, flourishes, and other visual elements to a minimum- as a general rule, the less complex your design, the better.Now that you know a bit about the different types of logos, dont be afraid to do your own research on what kinds of logos are commonly used in your industry as you begin your design process. When choosing what type of logo to use, its important to consider all factors in order to make the most effective logo possible. Explore how each type of logo could work for your project, and ultimately think about all the various contexts your logo will be in as its introduced to the public.

Analysis of Unconscious Bias Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis of Unconscious Bias - Essay Example    There were five specifically enumerated classifications of biases noted: pattern-recognition, action-oriented, stability, interest, and social biases that decision-makers tend to disregard and subconsciously continue to infiltrate major decision-making processes. The authors suggested ways and mean counter these five biases through taking various points of views and perspectives; taking uncertainties into account; enhancing awareness by thinking beyond the box; adopting broader interests; and by encouraging corporate debate (Lovallo and Sibony, 2010). Likewise, four steps in adopting behavioral strategies were proffered to improve the quality of decision making after incorporating the suggested ways to counter biases in the organizations. In the video, â€Å"A Class Divided†, a grade three teacher, Jane Elliot, taught her students the crucial lesson on discrimination through an effective method of making them feel discriminated and prejudiced in terms of the color of thei r eyes. The results of group activities of ‘discriminated’ children were surprisingly shown as generating lower grades as their morale and perception of status were diminished. In contemporary organizations, these biases still exist in various styles and form: through gender discrimination, ranks within the organizational hierarchies, and even in the race. In a study conducted by Lyons & McArthur entitled Gender's unspoken role in leadership evaluations (gender discrimination and leadership qualities, the systemic bias â€Å"illustrates the challenges that women face in accommodating themselves to male-defined executive roles and suggests how corporate leaders--men in particular--can make these detrimental effects discussable within their own executive suites† (Lyons & McArthur, 2007, 1). This kind of bias could fall under the interest and social biases discussed by Lovallo and Sibony (2010) as there continue to pervade organizations in terms of confining to the respective interests of male-dominated leaders in organizations, deep-rooted in human tendencies and manifested in socials structures globally.   

Film Critique-Bioethical Imperatives Scholarship Essay

Film Critique-Bioethical Imperatives - Scholarship Essay Example With this concern, the essay examines the bioethical issues highlighted in the plots of these two movies by comparing and contrasting them, at the backdrop of the present relevant theories. Correspondingly, four ethical frameworks, including ‘justice’, ‘rights’, ‘duty’ and ‘virtue-based ethics’ will be addressed in this essay while comparing the above two films. The movies â€Å"And the Band Played On† as well as â€Å"The Rain Maker†, both addressed certain bioethical issues that emerged in the early 20th century based on the then conducted medical research. However, the former was a drama based on the suffering of the people and their lack of consciousness, giving an indication of the gaps persisting in the conservative society, while the later complied with the dimensions of all mystery, suspense and drama. â€Å"The Rain Maker† movie elaborated on a financial crisis faced by a boy suffering from leukemia, who could have been saved if only the insurance company was on agreeable terms to pay for the bone-marrow transplant (Cohen, n.d.). Subsequently, the plot for â€Å"And the Band Played On† was majorly focused on the ethical issues surrounding the rapidly increasing rate of HIV infection in early 1980s, indicating the influence of political factors on such issues (Noonan, 2008). The bioethics reflected in the latter revolves around the dimensions of medical ethics and its loopholes under the impression of strong socio-political judgments (Sass, 2007). Depending on the bioethical imperatives, four ethical frameworks have been considered to compare and contrast the plots in the two selected movies. The justice-based approach implies that people should be treated according to their respective hard work. However, the present world reflects a huge imbalance arising from uneven social power or financial power delegations (Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, 2014). For instance, â€Å"The Rain Maker† focused on the inequality